The CRISPR/Cas system as an antimicrobial resistance strategy in aquatic ecosystems

The growing population has led to an increase in food demand, with aquaculture playing a crucial role in supplying protein, vitamin supplements, employment, and GDP growth. However, the use of antibiotics in aquaculture has led to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens, including ESKAPE, ESBLs, and E. coli. CRISPR/Cas is a novel approach to eradicate these ‘superbugs’, allowing precise targeting and reversal of specific resistance genes. This article provides a comprehensive overview of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing for combating AMR-resistant bacteria in aquaculture and marine systems.